Dongguan'S Three To One Complement In Reform And Opening Up

[general situation]: "three to one supplement" means raw material processing, sample processing, incoming assembly and compensation trade. It is a form of enterprise trade initially established in China in the initial stage of reform and opening up. It first appeared in Dongguan in 1978.

In Baidu, input "three to one patch", will jump out such a description.

From "knocking the country" to basically realizing the industrialization of the countryside, to "Dongguan manufacturing" world-renowned, and then to build a new era of modern manufacturing city, "three to one complement" has become the foundation of Dongguan, the foundation of development, the source of take-off.

Looking back, in the past, to some extent, people often equate the three words and one complement with the two words of Dongguan, which is enough to explain the historical and realistic reference value of Dongguan's "three to one supplement".

Dongguan is famous for its "three to one supplement", and also creates a unique "Dongguan model". In the context of China's economy, Dongguan is not only a place name, but also a benchmark for the times.

At the first time, when the first salary was paid, the workers trembled, a few cents and a few cents on a labor day, and some unbearable Dongguan people did everything possible to "steal" the port of escape, so that even such a slip of the tongue was passed away: the youth was out of sight, the fields were deserted, the cadres were hard, and the old people were alarmed.

However, many people in Dongguan never imagined that the arrival of a Hong Kong businessman not only knocked the door of the country, but also gradually defeated the "escape port tide", which led Dongguan people to take root in the mainland.

In 1978, Zhang Zimi, a 40 year old businessman from Hongkong, was escorted to Humen by the leader of the second light Bureau of Dongguan. Finally, he saw a nearby Taiping bamboo factory on the street.

At that time, there were no institutions such as introduction, negotiation or commission.

How to negotiate?

How to sign a contract?

How do I declare?

How to operate and manage such enterprises?

Everybody look at me, I see you, no one knows what to do.

Finally, it has been suggested that handbags are light industrial products and look for Provincial Light Industry Import and export companies.

This idea enlightens everybody.

In August 30, 1978, the Dongguan second light Bureau and Zhang Zimi's Hongkong Xinfu handbag products Co., Ltd. signed a five year contract in Guangzhou, which stipulated that the original Taiping bamboo factory was converted to Taiping handbag factory. The Hong Kong side imported 15 sets of equipment and raw materials from Hongkong. The Taiping handbag factory took out 200 square meters of old factory buildings, and borrowed more than 10 handcrafts and handbags from the Taiping garment factory, and the products were all exported.

In this way, China's first "three to one" enterprise -- Taiping handbag factory was formally put into operation in September 15, 1978.

We see that colorful bags of handbags are pported to Hongkong. The "supervisor" sent by the Hong Kong side is arrogant, carrying back and holding faces and making a round trip, which makes many people's psychological imbalance.

"Let the capitalists earn our money. This is a fat water flowing into the outsiders' field."

Some even think that this meeting will affect the prestige of the Communist Party and doubt the correctness of the "three to one supplement".

However, considerable gains soon dispelled the doubts of the questioners.

People with experience recall that Hong Kong businessmen have piecework wages, and workers can get two hundred or three hundred yuan a month, which is ten times more than that of the bamboo factory 28 yuan per month.

It is said that some workers shake hands when they get paid for the first time.

For a time, many young people worked hard to become workers in Taiping handbag factory.

Practice is the magnet to distinguish truth.

The Taiping handbag factory started in doubt and confusion, invested second months, that is, expanding recruitment to the countryside. In the first year, it received a processing fee of 1 million yuan, earning about 600000 Hong Kong dollars for the country.

In the second year, the first 2000 square meter new factory rises.

For a time, the enterprises that came to Taiping handbag factory to visit and learn from them came into an endless stream. There were only more than 30 factories that came to pick up factories in the province within one year.

A flower brings flowers.

By the year 1984, Dongguan's external processing enterprises had reached more than 1000 enterprises, and the income from single processing fees reached US $45 million 800 thousand, and foreign exchange earning amounted to US $140 million.

Gradually, the people of Dongguan found a strong principle: developing productive forces and getting rid of poverty, so as to show the superiority of socialism.

[development] the achievement of "Dongguan traffic jam, global shortage" is known as "Taiping handbag factory". Dongguan has begun to industrialisation in rural areas.

At first, the development of "three to one supplement" in Dongguan took the road of simplicity, using warehouses, three temples (ancestral halls, auditorium, canteen) and offices to build factories, gradually accumulating funds, and then building standardized factories.

In 1987, the income from processing materials in Dongguan amounted to US $107 million, accounting for 39.6% of the total labor and total income of US $270 million, and US $214 per capita.

The concept of "real gold and silver" is favorable for the people of Dongguan to resist the idea of tolerance and acceptance, and no longer judge the development economy with the surname "society" and "surname". The concept of "fat water does not flow outside the field" is gradually broken, and the negative evaluation of "no three or four thousand yuan households" is hard to hear again. People are employed by their interests, hobbies and specialties.

In recent years, the pillar industries such as food, textiles, clothing, electronics, toys, machinery and electricity have risen.

At this time, people in Dongguan are increasingly aware of the importance of the investment environment, so the infrastructure construction is spread out.

In 1978, the cement road in the whole city was only 1 kilometers. By 1987, the city's cement and asphalt road reached 860 kilometers, with 0.58 kilometers per square kilometre, which was much higher than the level of 0.1 kilometers per square kilometer in the whole country.

From 1980 to 1987, Dongguan invested more than 1 billion yuan in the development of pportation, factories, energy, communications and other infrastructure.

Adhere to the principle of "one window", and generally accomplish one project one day, from negotiation to equipment.

The great improvement of soft and hard environment has made the investors of Lai Guan feel that this is an investment paradise.

At that time, there were many stories about investors' gratitude, and so far, it has been well received. Ho ho, a Hong Kong businessman who invested in Houjie, was one of the leading actors at that time.

Mr. ho ran a garment factory in Houjie, and once made a nightgown for a middle eastern country. However, only a day before the deadline of delivery, there were still a large number of products that had not yet been completed. Seeing that they could not perform, they would suffer great economic losses. Mr. Ho was so anxious that he went up to the top floor of the four floor of the garment factory and tried to kill himself.

However, it is impossible to deliver the goods on time even if the workers in the factory are working day and night.

What should I do?

After learning from the Houhou Street government, drastic measures were taken to organize workers in the garment industry to process nightgowns day and night.

When the Nightgown arrived at the Hongkong dock with a special car, it was only half an hour away from the ocean cargo ship.

Later, he not only continued to expand investment, but also set up a large hotel, and introduced many foreign businessmen to invest in this holy land in Dongguan.

It is precisely because of the sincerity and pragmatism of Dongguan people that they constantly attract merchants from home and abroad, and also achieve the rapid development of Dongguan.

In the past 1984~1994 years, the gross domestic product has increased more than three hundred years in 10 years, with an average annual growth rate of 27%. It has soared rapidly and has become one of the most notable "four tigers" in Guangdong.

By the end of the 90s, the world manufacturing base under the "Dongguan mode" had sprawled, and the "Dongguan traffic jam and global shortage" were spreading all over the world.

In order to achieve the goal of "shipbuilding and sea going", Dongguan has become the most brilliant and vivid epitome of China's reform and opening up, but it is clear that Dongguan is not only "three to one patch".

Li Jinwei, Secretary of the Dongguan municipal Party committee, said in an interview with the media that from the newly opened to the present, all kinds of ways coexist in Sino foreign cooperation, Sino foreign joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises and "three to one subsidy", and which way to adopt is entirely determined by market, policy and the wishes of both sides.

This is also true. The decision-making level has long realized that "suicide alone" and "double advantage effect" are the same as committing suicide. The word "pformation" was put forward very early, which was reflected in the 1992 government documents.

In 1996, there were thousands of clothing trademarks in Humen, but only a few famous brands. But by the end of 2007, there were 400 famous brand names in the city.

In the end of 2007, private enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households went from the original "white paper" to more than 400 thousand, and they had been turned over dozens of times.

Be rich and think ahead.

Dongguan's policymakers do not have a "small fortune and ease of peace" and begin to face the weakening of the "double advantage effect" and the embarrassing situation of "double marginalization dilemma".

In May 2006, Liu Zhigeng, Secretary of the municipal Party committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, first put forward the strategic thinking of "economic and social double pformation" from resource dominated to innovation led, from primary urbanization to advanced urbanization.

It can be said that "three to one supplement" is the right choice made in a specific historical period, and the next step is how to achieve "shipbuilding and sea going". Dongguan must take the initiative to promote the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure. This is the driving force for Dongguan to take off again.

A series of decisions have been put forward to help improve the quality of the "three to one" enterprises, such as helping the needed processing enterprises to turn them into three capital enterprises on the spot, and set up a special fund of 1 billion yuan to encourage enterprises to set up R & D institutions and regional headquarters, create their own brands, expand the domestic market, increase capital and expand production.

"I believe that with these 30 years of accumulation and further development, I believe that tomorrow will be better than Dongguan."

Wang Yang, Secretary of the provincial Party committee, has high hopes for Dongguan.

[reporter observation] the trend of "making products" is going to "make a brand". From closing up to opening up, from resistance to boycott to acceptance, Dongguan is finally convinced by the taste of sweetness that it has broken the world's attention "Dongguan mode" and "Dongguan speed".

Looking back and thinking carefully, at that time, Dongguan had no talent, no capital, no technology and no management. The development of "three to one subsidy" is undoubtedly the form of the least risk and the fastest effect. It is also an imaginative decision.

However, the "Dongguan model", which is based on "three to one supplement", is also evident in the extensive growth mode and the "wage economy" brand.

Liu Zhigeng, Secretary of the municipal Party committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, once said a famous saying, "if Dongguan again takes advantage of cheap land and labor force to attract capital, it is no different from committing suicide."

So, how to get out of the inflection point of value curve and realize "from product" to "brand" is not only the only way for enterprises to move from low value to high end, but also a grand strategy for Dongguan to accelerate the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure in Dongguan.

The harsh reality of "800 million trousers for a Boeing" is enough to make "made in Dongguan" or "made in China" feel chill. It also fully shows that how core technology and core R & D are controlled by people.

Therefore, in the new era, Dongguan has no alternative but to re-examine its vitality source, power source, intelligence source and innovative development mode.

The concept of "double pformation" in Dongguan has been explained from the comparative advantage to the innovative advantage, from the external economy to the internal and external orientation, from the two dimensional structure of urban and rural areas to the integration of urban and rural areas, and from the social structure of integration from the outside to the outside.

"Three to one complement" has completed the primitive accumulation of capital for Dongguan. Today, Dongguan should make innovations in adjusting the structure of innovation, innovating active subjects, innovating flexible mechanisms, and innovating resources gathering, so as to lay a solid foundation for the prosperity, harmony and new Dongguan.

The handbag opened 30 years ago and made the spring tide 1978. A common year in the annex was remembered forever because of the beginning of the new era of China's reform and opening up.

In recent years, the best seller in Europe, when China changed the world, began to say that China's reform and opening up "let twenty-first Century come ahead of schedule".

The charm of history lies in the fact that many inadvertent acts are the starting point of rolling tides because of historical points.

For example, the Taiping handbag factory settled in Humen town of Dongguan in 1978 has become the specimen of the first crab to try foreign capital.

Who ever thought that from the factory production line down the handbag, the zipper gently pulled away, unexpectedly pulled off the 30 years after the wave peak competition Guangdong manufacture tide, became the Chinese reform and opening up the symbolic event.

Then, this "three to one subsidy" mode was launched vigorously on the Chinese soil. In February 1994, the export volume of Guangdong's "three to one subsidy" enterprises amounted to 15 billion 80 million US dollars, accounting for 30% of the total export volume of the province in that year, accounting for 83% of the total export value of the country.

By 2002, the number of "three to one" enterprises has reached the peak, and only 1.2 enterprises in Dongguan have got three to one subsidy.

At the end of May 2007, there was a rumbling earthquake