Application Of Extraction Technology In Detection Of Harmful Substances In Textiles

1 Introduction

In recent years,

In this paper, the extraction technology applied in the analysis of harmful substances in textiles is reviewed, and the extraction technology of more eco-friendly is prospected.

2 Application of extraction technology in detection of harmful substances in textiles

2.1 solvent extraction technology

Solvent extraction technology, such as Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic extraction, plays an important role in the detection of harmful substances in textiles.

Soxhlet extraction is a simple and practical classical extraction technology. Zhang Weiya and so on used Soxhlet extraction to extract residual alkyl phenol and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether in textiles, and the recovery rate met the requirements.

Hu Yongjie and so on used Soxhlet extraction method to establish a method for determining the content of chlorinated organic carrier in ecological textiles.

Ultrasonic extraction is the most widely used extraction technology, and a variety of harmful substances can be treated by ultrasonic extraction.

Ultrasonic extraction technology is an extraction technology formed by the combination of solvent extraction technology and ultrasonic technology. The existence of ultrasonic field improves the efficiency of solvent extraction.

Cheng Lijun, Fan Yuanmu and Liu Huiting used ultrasonic extraction to extract organotin compounds, chlorophenols, orthophenyl phenol and perfluorinated compounds respectively, and their detection limits and recovery rates were all below the standard requirements.

The extraction of insecticides in textiles is mainly ultrasonic extraction. Zhang Xiang and Wang Mingtai use ultrasonic extraction to extract pesticide residues in textiles.

Microwave extraction is a combination of microwave technology and extraction technology. In the extraction process, microwave is used to improve the extraction efficiency.

Wang Chengyun and other microwave assisted extraction methods were used to extract octyl phenol, nonylphenol, octyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and nonylphenol ethoxylates in textiles, and the recovery rate was very high.

Shao Chaoying and other researchers have developed a microwave assisted extraction method for polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

The microwave-assisted extraction orthogonal experiment was used to determine the conditions of microwave extraction. The method has low detection limit and high standard recovery rate. It is suitable for the detection and analysis of trace polybrominated biphenyl (ether) flame retardants in textiles.

Accelerated solvent extraction technology was introduced in 1995 by Richter et al. A new extraction method was developed. The conventional solvent was used to extract solid or semi-solid new sample pretreatment method at higher temperature and pressure, and the material solubility and solute diffusion efficiency were increased by increasing temperature and pressure, and the extraction efficiency was improved.

Yu Huaiping and other international requirements for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in textiles, the accelerated solvent extraction method is used to extract perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in samples. The minimum detection limits, linear ranges and recovery rates of the method can meet the requirements.

2.2 new extraction technology

Solvent extraction technology requires a large number of toxic and harmful organic solvents for human and environment.

Although solvent extraction technology still plays an important role, the development of high efficiency and low organic solvent consumption is one of the requirements of continuous development of extraction technology. In recent years, a variety of new sample extraction technologies have been developed, such as solid phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, liquid phase microextraction, etc.

Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a sample pretreatment technology based on solid-liquid extraction. The solid phase extraction process is essentially a column chromatographic separation process. It separates and enriches target compounds by using solid adsorbent to separate the target compounds from the liquid sample and the adsorption capacity of the interfering compounds.

Ma Qiang et al. Established an analytical method for the migration of alkyl phenol in textiles.

Textile soaking solution was purified by solid phase extraction column after quantitative analysis.

Niu Zengyuan et al. Studied the migration of o-phthalic acid two esters in the artificial sweat, and determined the best conditions for the enrichment of phthalate two formic acid in the artificial sweat extract by solid phase extraction.

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Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was initiated by Pawliszy of Warterlee University in Canada in 1990. It is a sample pretreatment method integrating extraction, concentration, desorption and sampling.

The theory of SPME is based on the fact that the partition coefficient between the analyte in the sample matrix and the extraction medium (coating) is different. When the liquid polymer coating is used for extraction, the amount of the analyte should be kept unchanged in the extraction equilibrium state and before extraction. When the extraction layer is determined, there is a linear relationship between the amount of analyte adsorbed on the coating and the initial concentration of the substance in the sample, which is the theoretical basis for quantitative analysis using SPME.

The headspace solid phase microextraction method is suitable for the determination of high volatile substances, and the direct solid phase microextraction method is suitable for the determination of low volatile substances.

Zhang Zhuoyu, et al., Gao Lirong and Nie Fengming used headspace solid phase microextraction to determine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in textiles.

The extraction conditions of SPME were optimized, including the selection of the extraction head, equilibration time, extraction time, extraction temperature, headspace volume, ionic strength, stirring speed, desorption temperature and time, which accords with the requirement of rapid analysis of trace VOCs in textiles.

Liu Ying and others used SPME and headspace gas chromatography to analyze the unusual odors in textiles.

Wang Li and other solid phase microextraction methods were used to adsorb and enrich organophosphorus pesticides in textiles.

It can be applied to the rapid detection of substances in eco textiles.

Liquid phase microextraction was first proposed by Jeannot for 1996, and a new water sample pretreatment technology was proposed.

This technology combines the advantages of liquid phase extraction and solid phase extraction, and uses only organic solvents such as micro upgrading or even upgrading. It is suitable for the development of microanalysis of modern analytical science, and is an environment-friendly "green" analytical technology.

The basic principle of the technology is based on the distribution balance between the sample and the micro upgrading or even upgrading solvent, namely, the droplet solvent is placed in the agitated or mobile solution, so as to achieve solute microextraction.

Liquid phase microextraction includes direct immersion liquid phase microextraction, headspace liquid-phase microextraction, hollow fiber membrane liquid phase microextraction and mobile liquid phase microextraction.

Zhang Hui and other methods adopted liquid phase microextraction with ionic liquid as extractant, and improved the pretreatment method of textile samples in the national standard method for textile testing (GB/T 17592-2006). A new method for the extraction of aromatic amines from textiles was established.

The extraction effect of direct immersion microextraction and solvent rod microextraction was compared, and solvent rod microextraction was used as the micro extraction mode.

Compared with the national standard method for textile testing, the liquid phase microextraction condition is optimized. The method is simple and fast, and shows good enrichment effect and high recovery rate.

2.3 multivariate extraction technology

All kinds of extraction technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, and different extraction technologies are used together to enhance their respective advantages and improve their extraction efficiency.

Lv Chunhua et al. And Niu Zengyuan established the method of Soxhlet extraction and solid phase extraction for the determination of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and o-phthalic acid two esters in textiles. The two extraction methods can effectively extract textiles, enrich and concentrate them, and purify impurities. The method is reproducible, accurate and reliable.

Ma Qiang and other methods used accelerated solvent extraction and solid phase extraction to determine the alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and flame retardants in textiles. The combination of these two extraction methods is accurate, fast and sensitive, and can be applied to the practical inspection of textiles.

Chen Jun and other researchers have studied the extraction of free formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in textiles by ultrasonic and solid-phase microextraction.

The detection limit of this method is low.

High recovery rate.

2.4 outlook

At present, many extraction technologies have been applied to the detection and analysis of harmful substances in textiles. However, many eco-friendly extraction technologies have not been applied to the detection of harmful substances in textiles, such as cloud point extraction.

Cloud point extraction is a new liquid liquid extraction technology in recent years. By changing the experimental parameters such as pH value, ionic strength and temperature, the hydrophobic phase is separated from the hydrophilic substance.

The main advantage is that it does not use toxic or harmful organic solvents to meet the needs of the development of green analytical technology.

At present, it has been widely used in trace enrichment of metal ions.

In the heavy metal test of textiles, cloud point extraction is used to enrich certain concentration, which can increase the stability of detection.

3 conclusion

Extraction technology is the key to the detection of harmful substances in textiles. With the increasingly stringent requirements for harmful substances in textiles and the greening and Ecologicalization of detection, new technology of extraction with high efficiency and low organic solvent consumption will become the mainstream trend.